Respiration

Respiration

1. The length of human trachea is about

a. 6 inches

b. 12cm

c. 12 inches

d. 18 cm

 

2. Hamburger’s phenomenon is also known as

a. HCO3 – shift

b. Na+ shift

c. H+ shift

d. Chloride shift

 

3. Oxygen carrying capacity of blood is

a. 20%

b. 30%

c. 40%

d. 50%

 

4. Respiratory movements are controlled

a. Cerebelluam

b. Cerebrum

c. Medulla oblongata

d. Crura cerebri

 

5. At higher CO2 condtcentration, oxygen dissociation curve of

haemoglobin will

a. Move to left

b. Move to right

c. Become irregular

d. Move upwardly

 

6. Chloride shift is required for transport of

a. Nitrogen

b. Oxygen

c. Carbon dioxide

d. Carbon dixide and oxygen

 

7. Volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath is known

as.

a. Inspiratory capacity

b. Total Lung capacity

c. Tidal volume

d. Residual volume

 

8. Oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve will shift to right on decrease of

a. Acidity

b. Carbon dioxide concentration

c. Temperature

d. pH

 

9. Is Double membrane pleural sac is situated……

a. Envelops the kidneys

b. Envelops the brain

c. Envelops the lungs

d. Lines the nasal passage

 

10. Volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum respiratory effort is

a. Vital capacity

b. Residual volume

c. Total lung capacity

d. Tidal volume

 

11. In expiration, diaphragm becomes

a. Flattened

b. Relaxed

c. Straightened

d. Arched

 

12. Carbon dioxide is transported from tissues to respiratory surface by only

a. Plasma and erythrocytcs

b. Plasma

c. Erythrocytes

d. Erythrocytes and leucocytes.

 

13. Respiratory centre is situated in

a. Cerebellum

b. Medulla oblongata

c. Hypothalamus

d. Cerebrum

 

14. Air is breathed through

a. Trachea -> lung -> larynx -> pharynx -> alveoli

b. Nose -> larynx -> pharynx -> alveoli -> bronchioles

c. Nostrils -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli

d. Nose -> mouth -> lungs.

 

15. Which is false ?

a. Blood from right side of heart is carried to lungs by pulmonary artery

b. Pleura is double covering of kindey

c. Pancreas is both exocrine & endocrine gland

d. Scurvy is due to vitamin C deficiency.

 

16. Volume of air breathed in and out during effortless respiration is

a. residual volume

b. vital volume

c.tidal volume

d. normal volume

 

17. Body tissue obtain oxygen from haemoglobin due to its dissociation in tissues is caused by

a. Low oxygen concentration and high carbon dioxide concentration

b. Low oxygen concentration

c. Low carbon dioxide concentration

d. High carbon dioxide concentration.

 

18. Lungs have a number of alveoli for

a. Having spongy texture and proper shape

b. More surface area for diffusion of gases

c. More space for increasing volume of inspired air

d. More nerve supply.

 

19. Presence of large number of alveoli around alveolar ducts opening into bronchioles in mammalian lungs is

a. Inefficient system of ventilation with little of residual air

b. Inefficient system of ventilation with high percentage of residual air

c. An efficient system of ventilation with no residual air

d. An efficient system of ventilation with little residual air.

 

20. During transport of CO2 blood does not become acidic due to

a. Neutralisation of H2CO3 by Na2CO3

b. Absorption by leucocytes

c. Blood buffers

d. Non accumulation

 

21. At high altitude, RBCs of human blood will

a. Increase in number

b. Decrease in number

c. Decrease in size

d. Increase in size

 

22. CO2 is transported

a. dissolved in blood plasma

b. As carbonic acid

c. In carbaminohaemoglobin

d. As carbaminolaemoglobin and carbonic acid

 

23. Maximum amount 70-75% of carbon dioxide transport occurs as

a. Dissolved in plasma

b. Carbaminohaemoglobin complex

c. Bicarbonate

d. None of the above

 

24. Trachea is lined with incomplete rings of

a. Fibrous cartilage

b. Calcified cartilage

c. Elastic cartilage

d. Hyaline cartilage

 

25. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in blood through

a. Platelets and corpuscles

b. RBCs and WBCs

c. WBCs and serum

d. RBCs and plasma

 

26. About 1500 ml of air left in lungs is called

a. Tidal volume

b. Inspiratory reserve volume

c. Residual volume

d. Vital capacity

 

27. Which one protects the lungs?

a. Ribs

b. Vertebral column

c. Sternum

d. All the above

 

28. Which one has the lowest value?

a. Tidal volume

b.Vital capacity

c. Inspiratory reserve volume

d. Expiratory reserve volume

 

29. A child was killed through asphyxiation. Post morturm confirmed it because a piece of lung put in water

a. Settled dowm

b. Kept floating

c. Had blood spots

d. None of the above

 

30. Amount of oxygen present in one gram of haemoglobin is

a. 20 ml

b. 1-34 ml

c. 13-4 ml

c. None of the above

 

31. A molecule of haemoglobin carries how many oxygen molecules

a. 1

b.2

c. 3

d. 4

 

32. In carbon monoxide poisoning there is

a. Increase in carbon dioxide concentration

b. Decrease in oxygen availability

c. Decrease in free haemoglobin

d. None of the above.

 

33. Exchange of gases in lung alveoli occurs through

a. Active transport

b.Osmosis

c.Simple diffusion

d. Passive transport

 

34. Haemoglobin is

a. Vitamin

b. Skin pigment

c. Blood carrier

d. Respiratoy pigment

 

35. Vocal cords occur in

a.Pharynx

b. Larynx

c.Glottis

d. Bronchial tube

 

36. The cells which do not respire

a. Epidermal cells

b. Sieve cells

c.Cortical cells

d.Erythocytes

 

37. Hiccough (hiccup) is due to activity of

a.Intercostal muscles

b. Food in air tract

c. Diaphragm

d. Inadequate oxygen in environment

 

38. Bicarbonate formed inside erythrocytes moves out to plasma while chloride of plasma pass into erythrocytes. The phenomenon is called

a. Bicarbonate shift

b. Carbonation

c. Hamburger phenomenon

d. None of the above

 

39. Respiratory centre of brain is stimulated by

a. Carbon dioxide content in venous blood

b. Carbon dioxide content in arterial blood

c. Oxygen content in venous blood

d. Oxygen content in arterial blood

 

40. A higher CO2 concentration of blood causes

a. Slow diffusion of CO2 from blood

b. Slow transport of CO2 from blood

c. Slow diffusion of O2 from blood

d. Both A and B

 

41. Gases diffuse over the respiratory surface because of

a. O2 is more in alveoli than in blood

b. O2 is more in blood than in tissues

c. CO2 is more in alveoli than in blood

d. PCO2 is more in blood than in tissues

 

42. Dissociation curve of O2 (which is dissociation from Hb) shifts to the rights….

a. O2 concentration decrease

b. CO2 concentration decreases

c. CO2 concentration increase

d. Chloride concentration increases

 

43. Thoracic cage of man is formed of

a. Ribs and sternum

b. Ribs, sternum and thoracic vertebrae

c. Ribs,sternum and lumbar vertebrae

d. Ribs and thoracic vertebrae.

 

44. Vital capacity of lung is equal to

a. IRV+ERV+TV

b. IRV+ERV+TV-RV

c.IRV+ERV+TV+RV

d.IRV+ERV

 

45. Dead space is

a. Upper respiratory tract

b. Nasal chambers

c. Alveolar space

d. Lower respiratory tract.

 

46. Carbon monoxide contained in Tobacco smoke

a. Is carcinogenic

b. Causes gastric ulcers

c. Reduces oxygen carrying capacity of blood

d. Raises blood pressure

 

47. What is correct ?

a. Pulomonary ventilation is equal to alveolar ventilation

b. Alveolar ventilation is less than pulmonary ventilation

c. Alveolar ventilation is more than pulmonary ventilation

d. Both are variable.

 

48. Increase in CO2 concentration shall cause

a. Slower and shallower breathing

b. Slower and deeper breathing

c. Faster and deeper breathing

d. No effect on breathing

 

49. Alveoli become enlarged and damaged with reduced surface area

in heavy smokers. the condition is called

a. Silicosis

b. Emphysema

c. Asthma

d. Bronchitis

 

50. SARS is caused by a variant of

a. Pneumococcus pneumonia

b. Common cold by Corona virus

c. Asthma

d. Bronchitis

 

51. During inspiration

a. Diaphragm and external muscles relax

b. Diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles relax

c. Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract

d. Diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles contract.

 

52. Mountain sickness at high altitude is due to

a. Excess CO2 in blood

b. Decreased CO2 in air

c. Decreased partial pressure of oxygen

d. Decreased efficiency of haemoglobin

 

53. Capacity of human lungs for air in a healthy person is

a. 3000 ml

b. 1500 ml

c. 1000 ml

d. 500 ml

 

54. Rate of breathing is controlled by

a. Amount of freely avilable oxygen

b. Carbon dioxide in blood

c. Muscular functions of body

d. All the above

 

55. During strenous exercise,glucose is converted into

a. Glycogen

b. Pyravic acid

c. Starch

d. Lactic acid

 

56. How much pulmonary air is expired normally

a. 70%

b. 20%

c. 25%

d. 32%

 

57. Which is incorrect ?

a. Presence of nonrespiratory air sacs increases efficinency of respiration in birds

b. In insects, circulation body fluids serve to distribute oxygen to tissues

c. Principle of counter – current flow facilitates efficient respiration in gills of fishes

d. Residual air in lungs slightly decreases the efficiency of respiration in mammals

 

58. Percenatage of oxygen being carried by blood plasma is

a. 6-9%

b. 3-6%

c. 2-3%

d. 1-2%

 

59. Name of the pulmonary disease in which alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically reduced due to damage in the alveolar walls:

a. Astthma

b. Pleurisy

c. Emphysema

d. Pneumonia

 

60. Asthma may be attributed to

a. bacterial infection of the lungs

b. allergic reaction of the mast cells in the lungs

c. inflammation of the trachea

d. accumulation of fluid in the lungs

 

61. Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking:

a. Emphysema

b. Asthma

c. Respiratory acidosis

d. Respiratory alkalosis

 

62. Lungs are made up of air-filled sacs, the alveoli. They do not collapse even

after forceful expiration.

a. Inspiratory Reserve Volume

b. Tidal Volume

c. Expriatory Reserve Volume

d. Residual Volume